There is growing evidence that earwax blockage (cerumen impaction) can contribute to cognitive decline and dementia, particularly in older adults. While earwax itself does not directly cause dementia, it can lead to hearing loss, which is strongly linked to cognitive decline. Here’s how they are connected:
1. Hearing Loss and Dementia Risk
- Hearing loss is a known risk factor for dementia. Studies show that even mild hearing loss doubles the risk of dementia, and severe hearing loss increases the risk fivefold.
- The brain needs auditory stimulation. When hearing is impaired due to wax buildup, the brain receives less input, leading to cognitive decline over time.
- Hearing loss can lead to social isolation, another major risk factor for dementia. People may withdraw from conversations and social interactions, reducing mental engagement.
2. Earwax Blockage as a Cause of Hearing Loss
- Earwax buildup can muffle sound and reduce hearing ability, mimicking the effects of hearing loss.
- Many older adults may not realize they have an earwax blockage and assume their hearing is simply deteriorating due to aging.
- Once the wax is removed, hearing often improves significantly, restoring cognitive stimulation.
3. Reversible Cognitive Decline
- Some cases of cognitive decline in older adults are misattributed to dementia when the actual cause is hearing loss from earwax impaction.
- Removing the blockage can lead to improved hearing and mental clarity, sometimes reversing symptoms that were mistaken for dementia.
What to Do
- Regular ear checks: Older adults should have their ears checked periodically for wax buildup.
- Safe wax removal: Avoid cotton swabs, which can push wax deeper. Instead, use ear drops and consult a healthcare professional for the safe removal.
- Hearing aids: If hearing loss persists after wax removal, hearing aids may help reduce dementia risk.
Bottom Line
While earwax blockage doesn’t directly cause dementia, it can contribute to hearing loss, social isolation, and cognitive decline, all of which increase dementia risk. Addressing earwax buildup and hearing loss early can help preserve cognitive function.